JPG to PDF Converter is an. Image To PDF Converter is an automated converter to. Persian people - Wikipedia. Persians. Regions with significant populations Iran. They own one of the world's oldest and richest literary traditions, and have also left significant influences in architectural and scientific concepts. Today, the Persians make up the largest ethnic group in Iran, comprising as much as 6. Outside of modern- day Iran, however, usage of the term Persian to identify a specific ethnicity is not consistent and begins to shift between various region- specific terms that refer to the local Persian- speaking populations endemic to that specific region, such as the Tajiks of Central Asia. Etymology. Thus, historically, the term Persian came to refer to all inhabitants of the country and was much more inclusive in its usage, referring to the Persian- speaking people native to the landmass comprising the ancient Persian Empire, which largely make up today. Some medieval and early modern Islamic sources also used cognates of the term Persian to refer to various Iranian peoples, including speakers of the Khwarezmian language. Since then, the term Iranian and Persian were applied interchangeably to the population of Iran. The term Persian is still historically used to designate the predominant population of the Iranian people living in the Iranian cultural continent. The inscription mentions Parsua (presumed to mean . BC, the Achaemenids began a revolution which eventually led to the conquest of the empire by Cyrus II in c. They spread their influence to the rest of what is called the Iranian Plateau, and assimilated with the non- Iranian indigenous groups of the region, including the Elamites and Mannaeans. It had influences on the modern Persian language. The Roman- Sassanid Wars and the Byzantine- Sassanid Wars would shape the landscape of Western Asia, Europe, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Mediterranean Basin for centuries. For a period of over 4. Byzantines and Sassanids were recognized as the two leading powers in the world. Furthermore, the process of incomers' assimilation which had been started with the Greeks, continued in the face of Arab, Mongol and Turkic invasions and proceeded right up to Islamic times. Modern Persian is classified as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of the Sassanid Empire, itself a continuation of Old Persian, which was spoken by the time of the Achaemenid Empire. Their origin is traced to the merchants who settled in the region by the time of the Sassanid Empire. They speak various dialects of Dari and Tajik. Persian art borrowed heavily from the indigenous Elamite civilization and Mesopotamia, and later from the Hellenistic civilization. In addition, due to the somewhat central location of Iran, it has served as a fusion point between eastern and western traditions. Persians have contributed in various forms of art, including carpet- waving, calligraphy, miniature- painting, illustrated manuscripts, glasswork, lacquer- work, khatam (a native form of marquetry), metalwork, pottery, mosaic, and textile design. At the same time, not all literature written in Persian is written by ethnic Persians or Iranians, as Turkic, Caucasian, and Indic poets and writers have also used the Persian language in the environment of Persianate cultures. Prominent writers such as Sadegh Hedayat, Forough Farrokhzad, Ahmad Shamlu, Simin Daneshvar, Mehdi Akhavan- Sales and Parvin E'tesami have also had major contributions to the contemporary Persian literature. Architecture. The quintessential feature of Achaemenid architecture was its eclectic nature, with elements from Median architecture, Assyrian architecture, and Asiatic Greek architecture all incorporated. The Bam Citadel, a massive structure at 1,9. Silk Road in Bam, is from around the 5th century BC. The enclosure of this symmetrically arranged planting and irrigation, by an infrastructure such as a building or a palace created the impression of . However, little information is available from the music of that era. The music scene of the Sasanian Empire has a more available and detailed documentation than the earlier periods, and is especially more evident within the context of Zoroastrian musical rituals. The Battle of Thermopylae (/. The Persians soon launched a frontal assault. Journal of Field Archaeology. Perspective between the Persians and the Greeks? The Greek city-states engaged in a. The ASEAN Eminent Persons Group (EPG) was a group of prominent citizens from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries, tasked to create the. Persians And Other Plays Oxford Worlds Classics. In traditional Sassanid music, the octave was divided into seventeen tones. By the end of the 1. Iranian music also maintained a twelve interval octave, which resembled the western counterparts. The European string instrument violin is also used, with an alternative tuning preferred by Iranian musicians. Carpets. Xenophon describes the carpet production in the city of Sardis, stating that the locals take pride in their carpet production. A special mention of Persian carpets is also made by Athenaeus of Naucratis in his Deipnosophists, as he describes a . Considered the national New Year of the Iranian people, the festival of Nowruz has its roots in ancient Iranian traditions, and has been recognized within the UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. Retrieved May 1. 5, 2. Retrieved December 2, 2. Nomads in Postrevolutionary Iran: The Qashqa'i in an Era of Change. Martin Ball; David Crystal; Paul Fletcher, eds. Assessing Grammar: The Languages of Lars. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 8. Retrieved June 1. Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world. Retrieved August 2. Brody; Oswyn Murray; Lisa R. Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 8. Retrieved August 1. History of the Persians. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek. Online Etymology Dictionary. EMINENT AIR (THAILAND) CO., LTD. 405 Moo 5, Soi Soonthonvasu, Bhudharaksa Rd., Preakasamai, Muang, Samutprakarn 10280. 2.jpg Author: inui Created Date. Eminent Persians The Men And Women.pdf DOWNLOAD HERE 1 / 2. Travels in Asia and Africa, 1. We travelled on to Kabul, formerly a vast town, the site of which is now occupied by a village inhabited by a tribe of Persians called Afghans. They hold mountains and defiles and possess considerable strength, and are mostly highwaymen. Their principal mountain is called Kuh Sulayman. It is told that the prophet Sulayman . Robert Devereaux) (1. Muhakamat al- lughatain. November 1. 8, 2. THE ETHNONYM: ORIGINS AND APPLICATION. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Bahman Firuzmandi . Gershevitch,, Ilya; Bayne Fisher, William; A. The Cambridge History of Iran. II (reissue, illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved April 9, 2. The Cambridge History of Iran. II (reissue, illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. Encyclopedia of World History (6 ed.). The Houghton Mifflin Company/ Bartleby. The Medes and the Persians, c. Bahman Firuzmandi . Battle a Visual Journey Through 5. Years of Combat. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2. F Leo Oppenheim . The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Ancient cities: the archaeology of urban life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome. Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity. Cambridge University Press. Schmitt, 1. 97. 8, p. Ahura Mazd. Darius and Xerxes boast of belonging to a stock which they call . Its main ingredients were the appeal to a heroic past that was identified or confused with little- known Achaemenid origins (Yarshater, 1. Daryaee, 1. 99. 5), and the religious tradition, for which the Avesta was the chief source. Also accessed online at: . Mattheier, Peter Trudgill, . Schmitt (ed.), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Wiesbaden: 2. Asatrian, G. Encyclopedia Iranica. Iranian languages and scripts, . Unlike the other languages and dialects, ancient and modern, of the Iranian group such as Avestan, Parthian, Soghdian, Kurdish, Balochi, Pashto, etc., Old Middle and New Persian represent one and the same language at three states of its history. It had its origin in Fars (the true Persian country from the historical point of view) and is differentiated by dialectical features, still easily recognizable from the dialect prevailing in north- western and eastern Iran. In Lazard, Gilbert 1. N., The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 2. Jewish Publication Society, 1. ISBN 0. 82. 76. 11. International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 2. International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 2. Ashgate Pub Co, September 3. ISBN 0. 75. 46. 57. X^. Retrieved June 1. Central Intelligence Agency. University of Cambridge. Retrieved July 1. N., The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. Unlike the other languages and dialects, ancient and modern, of the Iranian group such as Avestan, Parthian, Soghdian, Kurdish, Balochi, Pashto, etc., Old Persian, Middle and New Persian represent one and the same language at three states of its history. It had its origin in Fars (the true Persian country from the historical point of view) and is differentiated by dialectical features, still easily recognizable from the dialect prevailing in north- western and eastern Iran. Mattheier, Peter Trudgill, . Encyclopedia Iranica, . Iranian languages and scripts, . Old Persian.)^Roland G. Kent, Old Persian, 1. Kent, R. American Oriental Society, 1. Schmitt 2. 00. 8, pp. Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft, Part 3, Volume 7. Brill, pp 1. 0,8.^Vladimir Minorsky (1. A history of Sharvan and Darband in the 1. Archived(PDF) from the original on March 3. Retrieved February 3, 2. Grecian history to the reign of Peisistratus at Athens, Volume 1. A history of Islamic societies. Cambridge University Press. The Persian presence in the Islamic world. Cambridge University Press. Foreign influence on ancient India. Ismail Marcinkowski (2. Persian historiography and geography: Bertold Spuler on major works produced in Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, India, and early Ottoman Turkey. Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd. Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity. Cambridge University Press. Charles Henry Caffin (1. How to study architecture. Dodd, Mead and Company. Understanding Architecture. Land of Lion, Land of Sun. Ancient Water Technologies. Reza Moghtader; Minouch Yavari (2. Persian Garden: Echoes Of Paradise. A survey of musical instruments. Islamic art and spirituality. Green; Josephine Thrall (1. The American history and encyclopedia of music. How to know oriental rugs, a handbook. Yale University Press. Retrieved March 9, 2.
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